Recognizing the Key Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder known for its wide range of symptoms, many of which begin subtly and progress over time. Each individual with Parkinson’s may experience a unique combination of these symptoms, which can significantly affect movement and quality of life.

1. Tremors  

Roughly 80% of Parkinson’s patients develop tremors, often described as “pill-rolling” due to their slow, rhythmic motion. Tremors typically start in one hand and gradually spread, usually remaining more pronounced on one side. These resting tremors, which are most noticeable when muscles are relaxed, often affect the hands and arms and can also involve the chin or legs. They usually stop during voluntary movement but return when the affected limb is held still, which can make routine tasks challenging.

2. Stiffness  

Muscle stiffness or postural rigidity is common and often begins on the same side as the initial tremor, eventually affecting both sides of the body. About 60% of those with Parkinson’s experience pain related to stiffness, typically affecting muscles or joints even without injury.

3. Shuffling Gait  

A hallmark of Parkinson’s is a slow, shuffling walk, where feet stay close to the ground and legs remain straight. This distinct walking pattern may lead to poor balance and an increased risk of falls.

4. Slow Movements (Bradykinesia)  

People with Parkinson’s frequently move more slowly than usual, a symptom called bradykinesia. It develops early but may not be noticed until later in the disease, leading to difficulty with daily tasks.

5. Speech Issues  

Speech often changes in Parkinson’s patients, resulting in a weak, monotonous, or sometimes nasal voice with slurred or imprecise pronunciation. Some people may speak more slowly, while others might speak rapidly.

6. Handwriting Changes  

Changes in handwriting, or dysgraphia, are common. Micrographia—a type of dysgraphia—occurs when writing becomes progressively smaller and more cramped, sometimes slanting downward as more sentences are written.

7. Masked Face  

A lack of facial animation, known as a masked face, is typical in Parkinson’s. While others may notice this before the patient does, it can lead to misinterpretation of the person’s emotions or interest levels.

8. Apathy  

Many living with Parkinson’s may experience apathy, or a lack of motivation or interest, sometimes appearing early in the disease course.

9. Decreased Blinking  

Parkinson’s often causes less frequent blinking, which can make individuals appear to be staring and contributes to eye dryness.

10. Dry Skin  

Dry, flaky skin and scalp are also common among those with Parkinson’s disease.

11. Sleep Problems  

Most people with Parkinson’s have trouble sleeping, ranging from difficulty falling or staying asleep to daytime sleepiness. Restless legs syndrome and REM sleep behavior disorder—where people act out their dreams—are frequent. These issues can lead to persistent fatigue.

In summary, Parkinson’s disease presents a range of symptoms that affect both movement and overall daily experience. Recognizing these signs early can help in managing the condition and improving quality of life.