Extraction Process:

• Raw Material: Citrus fruits (peel and membrane) - sourced from certified suppliers

• Extraction Method: Acidified water/ethanol extraction at controlled pH (3.0-4.0)

• Process Flow:

1. Citrus peel cleaning and drying (60°C, 4-6 hours)

2. Grinding to 40-60 mesh powder

3. Extraction with 50-70% ethanol at 50-60°C for 2-3 hours

4. Filtration and concentration under vacuum (< 50°C)

5. Purification through macroporous resin column

6. Crystallization and drying (spray drying or vacuum drying)

7. Standardization to target purity (80%, 90%, 95% HPLC)

• Key Parameters:

• Extraction temperature: 50-60°C (protects heat-sensitive flavonoids)

• Solid-liquid ratio: 1:10 - 1:15

• pH control: Critical for Hesperidin/Diosmin stability

• Yield: 15-25% depending on raw material quality

Quality Testing Methods:

• HPLC Analysis (Primary Method):

• Column: C18 reverse-phase (250mm × 4.6mm, 5μm)

• Mobile phase: Methanol/Water with 0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient)

• Detection wavelength: 284nm (Hesperidin), 340nm (Diosmin)

• Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min

• Column temperature: 30°C

• Quantification: External standard method with certified references

• UV-Vis Spectrophotometry:

• Quick screening method for total flavonoids

• Aluminum chloride colorimetric method

• Detection at 420nm

• Heavy Metals: ICP-MS (Pb ≤ 2.0 ppm, As ≤ 1.0 ppm, Hg ≤ 0.1 ppm, Cd ≤ 0.5 ppm)

• Pesticide Residues: GC-MS/LC-MS/MS screening (500+ compounds, EU 396/2005 compliant)

• Microbiological: TP ≤ 10,000 CFU/g, Mold/Yeast ≤ 500 CFU/g, E.coli/Salmonella negative

• Solvent Residues: GC analysis per USP <467>

Applications & Dosage:

• Dietary Supplements:

• Cardiovascular health capsules: 500-1000mg per serving

• Venous insufficiency support: 500mg diosmin + 50mg hesperidin

• Antioxidant blends: 250-500mg per capsule

• Functional Foods & Beverages:

• Fortified juices: 50-100mg per 100mL

• Energy bars: 100-200mg per serving

• Powder drink mixes: 200-300mg per sachet

• Cosmetics:

• Anti-aging serums: 1-3% extract

• UV protection creams: 2-5% extract

• Capillary care products: 1-2% extract

• Pharmaceuticals:

• Venotonic tablets (prescription): 450mg diosmin + 50mg hesperidin

• Hemorrhoid treatment formulations

Formulation Tips: Citrus bioflavonoids have moderate water solubility. For beverage applications, consider using micronized powder (< 50μm) or water-dispersible grades. Stability is good at pH 3.0-6.0. Avoid high temperatures (>80°C) during processing.