Licorice Root: Benefits, Risks, and Safe Alternatives

Licorice root has long been used in traditional medicine for its potential benefits in treating digestive, respiratory, and menopausal concerns. It's often marketed as a supplement to aid asthma, lung issues, and wound healing. However, it contains glycyrrhizin, a compound known for interacting with certain medications and potentially increasing blood pressure, leading to serious health risks for some individuals.

Uses and Potential Benefits of Licorice Root

Licorice root is used by some individuals for peptic ulcers, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, and hepatitis. Certain products claim benefits for conditions like canker sores, bad breath, and atopic dermatitis (eczema). Some studies have shown that licorice root may help with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and wound healing. However, according to Ericka Ridgeway, PharmD, there is insufficient high-quality evidence supporting its numerous touted uses, including respiratory and digestive health benefits.

Blood Pressure Concerns

A recent study indicated that even a daily dose of 100 mg of glycyrrhizic acid, considered safe by the World Health Organization, may still elevate blood pressure. Glycyrrhizin can cause sodium retention, fluid buildup, and potassium loss, potentially leading to high blood pressure. It mimics the action of the hormone aldosterone, which balances sodium and potassium in the body.

Medication Interactions

Glycyrrhizin can interact with numerous medications, such as diuretics, insulin, anticoagulants, and blood pressure medications like spironolactone. Dr. Iman Majd highlights the potent pharmacological effects of licorice root, cautioning that even healthy people may experience side effects, while vulnerable individuals could face serious complications. Some products remove glycyrrhizin, reducing the likelihood of adverse side effects. Majd advises avoiding any product listing 'licorice root' or 'glycyrrhiza' unless it is confirmed to be de-glycyrrhizinated (DGL).

Licorice Candy and Health Risks

Licorice candies or teas containing glycyrrhiza have the same potential side effects as licorice root supplements. A 2019 case report linked excessive consumption of black licorice candy to low potassium levels and serious heart issues. However, not all licorice-flavored candies pose risks; many in the U.S. are flavored with anise rather than real licorice. Herbal teas and imported candies, however, may have high levels of glycyrrhizin and should be checked for this compound.

Safer Herbal Alternatives

Other herbs can serve as safe alternatives to licorice root. Ginger, for example, is effective for digestive support, and herbs like slippery elm or marshmallow root can soothe the throat and airways. Before taking any supplements, consulting with a healthcare provider is advised, particularly for those with underlying health conditions or who are on medication.