Cinnamon: Potential Risks and Benefits

Cinnamon, a popular spice with useful health properties, is generally safe for consumption. However, excessive intake can cause adverse effects, depending on its type—Ceylon or cassia—and the part of the plant used, like bark, leaves, or roots.

1. Liver Damage  

Cassia cinnamon contains coumarin, which can potentially harm the liver, especially in high doses. Individuals with liver disease may be more susceptible to damage, and cases of hepatitis have been reported when taking cinnamon supplements alongside statins.

2. Mouth Sores  

Prolonged exposure to cinnamon, through products like candy or gum, can cause mouth sores, known as cinnamon stomatitis, in certain people.

3. Skin Irritation  

Although rare, exposure to cinnamon in the food industry has led to contact dermatitis, featuring rash and itchiness. Skin irritation may also occur from consuming herbal teas with large amounts of cinnamon or using cinnamon oil in vaginal suppositories.

4. Allergic Reaction  

Some people may be allergic to cinnamon, showing symptoms such as watery eyes, sneezing, hives, stomach upset, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis.

5. Drug Interactions  

Cinnamon contains cinnamaldehyde that affects drug metabolism, potentially reducing the effectiveness of medications. Cassia bark has high coumarin levels that may interact with blood thinners. Large amounts can interfere with specific drugs, so moderation is advised.

6. Digestive Issues  

Overconsumption of cinnamon can lead to stomachache, heartburn, nausea, constipation, or diarrhea.

7. Lung Problems  

Rapid consumption of ground cinnamon can cause respiratory symptoms like coughing and gagging. Inhalation into the lungs may lead to severe problems such as pneumonia or a collapsed lung, especially for those with respiratory issues.

How Much Cinnamon Is Safe?

There is no specific recommended daily dosage for cinnamon. Half a teaspoon or less per day is considered safe and unlikely to cause side effects. The risk varies with the type of cinnamon and individual health conditions. Cassia cinnamon poses a higher risk of liver damage due to coumarin content, particularly for those with liver disease or in children, even in small amounts.

Health Benefits of Cinnamon

Cinnamon is recognized for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Research suggests potential benefits in stabilizing blood sugar, lowering cholesterol in type 2 diabetes patients, reducing inflammation related to obesity, relaxing blood vessels, balancing gut bacteria, and providing cardiovascular support. Despite these promising benefits, more high-quality research is necessary to establish effective administration, dosing, and its use in specific health conditions.

Most healthy adults face a low risk of adverse effects from cinnamon when used as a flavor enhancer. Those considering cinnamon supplements should consult healthcare providers to prevent possible negative interactions with medications or existing health conditions.