Methylene Blue: Uses, Claims, and Risks

Originally developed as a synthetic dye in the 1800s, methylene blue is now used medicinally to treat certain conditions. It is FDA-approved for methemoglobinemia, a rare blood disorder that affects hemoglobin's ability to carry oxygen. Methylene blue restores normal hemoglobin function by converting it back to its active form.

In recent times, some biohackers have turned to methylene blue for its purported anti-aging and cognitive benefits, despite limited scientific backing. The compound is thought to support mitochondrial health—the energy-producing structures in cells—potentially slowing down aging, but this remains largely speculative.

Historical and Current Medical Uses

Methylene blue was historically used to treat malaria and gonorrhea. Today, its primary FDA-approved use is for treating methemoglobinemia. While there is interest in its potential to promote longevity by enhancing mitochondrial function, substantial evidence in humans is lacking.

The Anti-Aging Debate

Proponents in the biohacking community tout methylene blue as a nootropic, or brain-boosting supplement, with potential to improve focus, memory, and protect against cognitive decline. However, most research is limited to animal studies, which suggests possibilities rather than guarantees. Experts caution against its widespread use due to insufficient evidence, emphasizing the need for further scientific validation.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

Methylene blue carries risks when used improperly. Interaction with certain medications, particularly SSRIs and other antidepressants, can lead to serotonin syndrome—a severe condition with symptoms like shaking, sweating, and gastrointestinal distress. The dye may also temporarily turn skin, urine, or stool blue-green, and high doses pose risks of anemia or methemoglobinemia. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals are advised against its use.

The main concerns highlighted by experts are potential interactions and the risk of spending on a product with unproven benefits. Methylene blue supplements are unregulated by the FDA, leading to uncertainties about their contents and dosage, which raises safety concerns.

The Risks of Unregulated Supplements and Med Spa Treatments

As methylene blue supplements are not subject to the same federal regulations as medications, there is no assurance of their safety or potency. Some products might falsely claim FDA approval, but only the treatment for methemoglobinemia is officially sanctioned.

Med spas offering methylene blue IV therapy pose additional risks. These settings may lack on-site physicians and sometimes operate under unsanitary conditions, raising the stakes for consumers who seek these treatments for supposed enhancements in mood, energy, and cognitive function.

In summary, while methylene blue has recognized medical uses, its application as a wellness or anti-aging supplement is fraught with uncertainty and safety concerns. Experts advise caution, and potential users should consult healthcare professionals to avoid adverse effects and interactions.