Supplements That May Raise Your Blood Pressure

Certain Dietary Supplements May Raise Blood Pressure, Experts Warn

Dietary supplements are widely available without a prescription, but experts caution that just because they are easy to buy doesn’t mean they are safe for everyone. Some supplements can unexpectedly increase blood pressure, putting some individuals—especially those with cardiovascular concerns—at risk. Here are six common supplements linked to elevated blood pressure:

1. Licorice  

Licorice root is used for digestive issues, respiratory conditions, and energy enhancement. However, it contains glycyrrhizic acid (GA), known to increase blood pressure. GA can cause a condition called pseudohyperaldosteronism, which may result in high blood pressure, low potassium, irregular heart rhythms, or even cardiac arrest. The World Health Organization has stated that up to 100 milligrams of GA daily is unlikely to cause problems for most adults. However, a 2024 study found even this amount may significantly elevate blood pressure. Health professionals advise checking with your healthcare provider before using licorice supplements or consuming large quantities of products with GA.

2. Bitter Orange  

Often marketed for weight loss and enhanced sports performance, bitter orange became popular after the FDA banned ephedra. Its active ingredient, p-synephrine, can increase both systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as heart rate, raising the risk of stroke and heart attack. Studies also reveal that bitter orange does not consistently aid in weight loss, and due to potential health risks, its use is not recommended by experts.

3. Guarana  

Common in dietary supplements and energy drinks, guarana contains caffeine and similar compounds. Used for weight loss and mental or athletic performance, guarana’s stimulants can significantly increase blood pressure. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider before using guarana-containing products, especially if you have blood pressure concerns.

4. St. John’s Wort  

This supplement is often used for depression or menopause symptoms, but it carries risks. St. John’s Wort can contribute to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition that can present with high blood pressure. The risk increases when combined with antidepressants or other medications that increase serotonin, such as migraine medications or stimulants for ADHD. Consult your healthcare provider before taking this supplement.

5. Caffeine  

Caffeine is present in many energy drinks and supplements designed to promote alertness. Regularly consuming more than 400 milligrams daily can raise blood pressure and heart rate. Heavy caffeine intake, especially in people with already high blood pressure, is linked to an increased risk of heart-related problems. Discuss your caffeine consumption with your healthcare provider if you have high blood pressure or heart conditions.

6. Yohimbe/Yohimbine  

Yohimbe supplements are marketed for erectile dysfunction, weight loss, and mood improvement. The active compound, yohimbine, has not been shown to be effective and is associated with serious risks, including increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, heart attack, and seizures. Some countries have even banned these supplements due to their dangers.

When to Seek Medical Advice  

Many dietary supplements contain several ingredients that could interact to affect blood pressure. Experts strongly advise consulting a healthcare provider before starting any supplement, particularly if you have cardiovascular issues or are taking other medications.

Key Takeaway:  

Not all over-the-counter supplements are safe. If you have a history of high blood pressure or heart problems, always discuss any new supplements with your healthcare provider to ensure they will not put your health at risk. Supplements can have serious side effects, even if they appear harmless.