Microplastics Everywhere: How to Reduce Your Exposure

Microplastics have infiltrated nearly every corner of the human body, including the brain, cardiovascular system, digestive tract, breast milk, and even urine. While it may be impossible to avoid these tiny particles entirely, there are practical steps you can take to reduce your exposure and limit their impact.

1. Avoid Microwaving Plastic Containers  

Microwaving food in plastic containers can release millions of microplastic particles into your meals, according to a 2023 study. Heating plastic significantly increases the release of these particles compared to storing food at room temperature or in the refrigerator. Switching to glass or ceramic containers for reheating is a simple way to reduce exposure. 

However, this is not a foolproof solution. "Even if you don't use a plastic container, all your food and vegetables can have microplastics within," warned Dr. Yoorae Noh, an assistant professor in the School of Packaging at Michigan State University.

2. Change Your Laundry Habits  

Synthetic fabrics such as polyester, nylon, acrylic, and Spandex shed microplastics during washing. In fact, washing synthetic clothing is estimated to contribute 35% of ocean microplastics. These fibers are released into wastewater as clothes rub together in the machine. 

To mitigate this, consider installing a washing machine filter to capture microplastics before they enter the water supply. Opt for clothing made from natural fibers like cotton or wool when possible, and skip the pre-wash cycle, as it sheds a significant number of microplastics, similar to a full wash.

3. Opt for Paper Tea Bags or Loose-Leaf Tea  

Many commercial tea bags contain polypropylene, a plastic often used as a sealant, which can shed billions of microplastic particles when steeped in hot water. To eliminate this source, use tea bags made with plant-based cellulose or switch to loose-leaf tea, which is entirely plastic-free.

4. Prioritize Recycling Over Landfill Waste  

Recycling plastic can help reduce microplastic pollution, as plastics breaking down in landfills often leach microplastic particles into the environment. However, recycling is far from perfect. A 2023 study found that current recycling processes can themselves generate microplastics, and only about 15% to 20% of plastic waste is effectively recycled. 

Despite its limitations, recycling remains a better alternative to incineration or landfill disposal. "When disposed of in the environment, plastics degrade due to mechanical, chemical, and biological factors, leading to more direct microplastic production and exposure," explained Dr. Noh. 

Before recycling, check your local recycling center's guidelines to ensure proper disposal of plastic materials.

Growing Concerns and the Need for More Research  

As concerns about microplastics gain traction, some companies are offering "detoxes" like microplastic blood cleanses. However, the scientific community does not yet fully understand the health implications of microplastics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) maintains that the levels of microplastics in our food are not currently considered a health risk.

Still, questions persist. A recent study found higher levels of microplastics in the brains of people with dementia compared to those without the condition. While this does not prove a direct link between microplastics and brain health, it raises important concerns that require further exploration.

Although microplastics are pervasive, taking small steps to limit your exposure—such as altering household habits and supporting systemic change—can make a difference in protecting both your health and the environment.