Managing Diet and Lifestyle While on GLP-1 Drugs

GLP-1 drugs, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, are known for delaying gastric emptying, which can result in gastrointestinal side effects like nausea, constipation, and diarrhea. Experts suggest that dietary choices can mitigate these symptoms while still supporting a balanced diet.

Foods to Avoid:

1. High-Fat Foods: Consuming fried and high-fat foods can exacerbate constipation and slow digestion, a potential issue when on GLP-1 drugs, says Dr. Peminda Cabandugama, an endocrinologist at Cleveland Clinic.

2. Foods With Added Sugar: Limiting sugar intake is crucial, especially for diabetes management. Abby Langer, RD, advocates for monitoring the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.

3. Refined Carbohydrates: Refined carbs like white bread and pastries can contribute to constipation and nausea. It's advised to avoid these while on GLP-1 medications.

4. Excessive Alcohol: The U.S. dietary guidelines suggest moderation with alcohol, which is particularly important for those on GLP-1 drugs. Interestingly, some users report a decrease in cravings for alcohol and cigarettes with these medications.

Foods to Eat:

1. Protein: Adequate protein intake is vital to maintain energy levels and muscle mass. It's recommended to consume protein in small portions, paired with vegetables for fiber intake.

2. Vegetables: Adding leafy greens like kale and spinach to meals aids in reducing constipation due to their insoluble fiber content, which promotes digestion.

3. Whole Grains: Opting for whole grains instead of refined carbs can help alleviate constipation through their fiber content. Introduce fiber gradually to avoid digestive discomfort.

Appetite Changes and Nutrition

GLP-1 medications may alter cravings for certain foods, including salty and spicy foods, starchy items, and dairy. Dr. Cabandugama explains that these changes occur due to an impact on the brain's craving mechanisms. If appetite reduces, consulting with a healthcare provider for nutritional guidance is recommended.

Exercise and Medication

Alongside dietary adjustments, regular exercise (at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity weekly) is advised for those taking GLP-1 agonists. Research indicates that combining exercise with the medication can lower risks associated with metabolic syndromes and obesity more effectively than medication alone.

Special Occasions and Medication Use

Dr. Cabandugama advises against skipping doses of GLP-1 drugs for events like Thanksgiving. These medications are designed to manage health risks related to weight rather than temporary aesthetic goals.

Overall, while GLP-1 drugs offer aid in weight management, balancing diet, exercise, and consistent medication use is essential for optimizing health outcomes.